Best Answer: Serial dilution direct count: Advantages: Count all the cells living or dead. Results would be quickly obtained. Disadvantage: Can't differentiate between living and dead cells. Direct count errors. Cells could be difficult to observe without stains or phase-contrast microscopy. The advantages to serial dilution-agar plate procedure is it has countable viable cells to count. As for the disadvantage of it, the techniques used which are spread and pour plates might not always have a single colony that represents the progeny of a single cell.

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the level of agreement of the E-test for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter coli using the agar dilution technique, which is the approved method. A convenience sample of 80 Ontario swine farms was chosen for this study; each farm was visited from January to June 2004. A total of 233 isolates of C. Coli were tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials by agar dilution and the E-test. Performance of the tests was evaluated using 7 quality control strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33560, and Campylobacter coli ATCC 33559 for the E-test and E.

Coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and C. Jejuni ATCC 33560 for the agar dilution test. Weighted Cohen’s kappa and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) tests were used for statistical analysis. The E-test and agar dilution test results had a strong agreement when resistance to streptomycin and tetracycline were evaluated (weighted kappa: 0.68 and 0.66, respectively).

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However, marked disagreement was detected when testing susceptibility to nalidixic acid and ampicillin (0.15 and 0.22, respectively). Almost perfect agreement was detected by PABAK when testing susceptibility to gentamicin (0.99).

Agreement was found to be moderate for ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol. Although the level of agreement between the E-test and agar dilution depended on the antimicrobial being tested, the E-test always detected a lower proportion of resistant isolates compared to agar dilution. Introduction The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a global problem that encouraged the establishment of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS), proposed by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to monitor the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. Resistance has been observed and reported among many bacterial species, including Campylobacter spp. The agar dilution procedure is a technique approved by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. However, there are no internationally agreed upon susceptibility criteria for Campylobacter spp.